BGS 413, Glossy sheath 8, gsh8

Eceriferum-u = cer-u (7).
Glossy sheath 8 = gs8 (5).
Eceriferum-cqu = cer-cqu (16, 23).
A member of the gene cluster Cer-cqu (17, 23).

Monofactorial recessive (5, 7).
Located in chromosome 2HS (19, 20); gsh8.ag is located in 2HS based on close association with the gsh6 (glossy sheath 6) locus (2, 6, 19, 20) in a subterminal position (18); gsh8.ag is associated with SNP markers 2_1377 to 1_0919 (positions 20.11 to 66.78 cM) in 2H bins 02 to 03 of the Bowman backcross-derived line BW411 (1), in 2H bins 02 or 03 (1); the Cer-cqu gene cluster is near SNP marker 1_0718 and 2.7 cM distal from 1_1059 (17), likely in 2H bins 01 or 02.

The wax coating on the spike, stem and leaf sheath appears reduced (wax code + + ++) (7). The gsh8 locus is the cer-u component of the complex locus cer-cqu which controls epicuticular wax layer formation on the surface of the spike, leaf sheath, and stem (21, 23, 25). Deposition of β-diketone lipids is reduced or eliminated by mutants in the cer-cqu locus (23), specifically the cer-u mutants have impaired hydroxyl group insertion (21). Since two types of β-diketones and the alkan-2-ol containing esters are absent in the leaf blades (22) and awns (24), mutants in the Cer-cqu cluster of genes do not change the surface wax composition on these organs (22, 24). The original cer-u.21 stock exhibited reduced seed set (7). Morphological differences, except for surface waxes, were not observed between Bowman and its backcross-derived line BW411 (3). The Gsh8 (Cer-u) locus is a member of the β-diketone synthase polyketide pathway for synthesis of β-diketone aliphatics, which are part of the complex of epicuticular or surface waxes present in Triticeae species (17). The Cer-u (AK373499) gene is a P450 hydroxylase with five exons and is positioned between the Cer-q (Gsh1) and Cer-c (Gsh6) loci (17). CER-U hydroxylates carbon 25 of the C31 β-diketone chain, as do most of its homologs in the β-diketone polyketide pathway in Triticeae species (17). The β-diketone biosynthesis Cer-cqu locus of barley is similar to the wheat W1 locus, which contains a metabolic gene cluster mediating β-diketone biosynthesis (4).

A gamma-ray induced mutant in Bonus (NGB 14657, PI 189763) (7). More information on the origin of cer-u mutants is presented in www.nordgen.org/bgs and in Schneider et al. (17).

cer-u.21 (NGB 110905, GSHO 442), -u.58 (NGB 110942) in Bonus (NGB 14657, PI 189763) (7, 8); cer-u.69 (NGB 110953), -u.76h (NGB 110960), -u.76l (NGB 110985), -u.80 (NGB 110964), -u.99 (NGB 110983), -u.107 (NGB 110992), -cu.108 (NGB 110993), -u.119 (NGB 111004), -u.120 (NGB 111005) in Bonus, -u.204 (NGB 111091), -u.237 (NGB 111124), -u.258 (NGB 111145), -u.265 (NGB 111152), -u.281 (NGB 111168), -u.304 (NGB 111191), -u.305 (NGB 111192), -u.307 (NGB 111194), -u.324 (NGB 111211), -u.330 (NGB 111217), -u.338 (NGB 111225), -u.344 (NGB 111231), -u.371 (NGB 111258), -u.376 (NGB 111263), -u.387 (NGB 111274), -cqu.416 (NGB 111304), -cqu.420 (NGB 111308), -u.443 (NGB 111331), -u.446 (NGB 111334), -u.452 (NGB 111340), -u.464 (NGB 111352), -u.466 (NGB 111354), -u.468 (NGB 111356), -u.472 (NGB 111360),-u.485 (NGB 111373), -u.491 (NGB 111379), -u.497 (NGB 111385), -u.498 (NGB 111386), -u.505 (NGB 111393), -qu.510 (NGB 111398) in Foma (NGB 14659, CIho 11333) (8, 16); cer-cqu.124 (NGB 111009), -u.177 (NGB 111063), -u.178 (NGB 111064), -u.189 (NGB 111075) in Bonus, -u.525 (NGB 111413), -u.538 (NGB 111426), -u.542 (NGB 111430), -u.543 (NGB 111431), -u.556 (NGB 111444), -u.570 (NGB 111458), -u.581 (NGB 111469), -u.600 (NGB 111488), -u.605 (NGB 111493), -u.606 (NGB 111494) in Foma, -u.677 (NGB 111565), -u.686 (NGB 111574), -u.689 (NGB 111577), -u.697 (NGB 111585), -cqu.724 (NGB 111612), -cqu.733 (NGB 111621) in Bonus, -u.1003 (NGB 111891), -u.1009 (NGB 111897), -u.1042 (NGB 111930), -u.1043 (NGB 111931), -u.1048 (NGB 111936), -u.1060 (NGB 111948), -u.1076 (NGB 111964), -u.1078 (NGB 111966) in Carlsberg II (NGB 5085, CIho 10114) (8); cer-u.610 (NGB 111498), -u.613 (NGB 111501) in Foma, -u.737 (NGB 111625), -u.766 (NGB 111654), -u.775 (NGB 111663), -u.779 (NGB 111667), -u.784 (NGB 111672), -u.789 (NGB 111677), -u.798 (NGB 111686), -qu.813 (NGB 111701), -u.823 (NGB 111711), -u.825 (NGB 111713), -u.830 (NGB 111718), -u.835 (NGB 111723), -u.839 (NGB 111727), - u.840 (NGB 111728), -u.842 (NGB 111730), -u.843 (NGB 111731), -u.844 (NGB 111732), -u.855 (NGB 111743), -u.861 (NGB 111749) in Bonus, -u.1091 (NGB 111979), -u., 1096 (NGB 111984), -u.1101 (NGB 111989), -u.1107 (NGB 111995), -u.1108 (NGB 111996), -u.1111 (NGB 111999), -u.1114 (NGB 112002), -u.1120 (NGB 112008), -u.1137 (NGB 112025), -u.1146 (NGB 112034), -u.1148 (NGB 112036) in Kristina (NGB 14661, NGB 1500) (9); cer-cu.644 (NGB 111532), -u.695 (NGB 111583), -u.850 (NGB 111738), -u.887 (NGB 111775), -u.892 (NGB 111780), -u.895 (NGB 111783), -u.901 (NGB 111789), -cqu.925 (NGB 111813), -cqu.944 (NGB 111832), -cu.947 (NGB 111835) in Bonus, -u.1177 (NGB 112065) in Kristina (10); cer-u.699 (NGB 111587), -u.776 (NGB 111664), -u.986 (NGB 111874) in Bonus, -u.1165 (NGB 112053), -u.1184 (NGB 112072), -u.1188 (NGB 112076), -u.1202 (NGB 112090), -u.1215 (NGB 112103), -u.1227 (NGB 112115), -u.1232 (NGB 112120), -u.1237 (NGB 112125), -u.1253 (NGB 112141), -u.1272 (NGB 112160) in Kristina (11); cer-u.1208 (NGB 112096), -u.1261 (NGB 112149), -u.1268 (NGB 112156), -u.1282 (NGB 112170), -u.1288 (NGB 112176), -u.1295 (NGB 112183), -u.1306 (NGB 112194), -u.1309 (NGB 112197), -u.1310 (NGB 112198) in Kristina, -u.1327 (NGB 112215), -u.1340 (NGB 112228), -u.1341 (NGB 112229) in Bonus (12); cer-u.457 (NGB 111345), -u.578 (NGB 111466) in Foma, -u.1364 (NGB 112252), -u.1370 (NGB 112258), -u.1372 (NGB 112260), -u.1373 (NGB 112261), -u.1390 (NGB 112278), -u.1402 (NGB 112290), -u.1409 (NGB 112297), -u.1411 (NGB 112299), -u.1420 (NGB 112308), -u.1429 (NGB 112317) in Bonus (13); cer-u.1496 (NGB 112384), -u.1500 (NGB 112388), -u.1734 (NGB 112547), -u.1759 (NGB 112574), -u.1763 (NGB 112567) in Bonus, -u.1540 (NGB 112428), -u.1541 (NGB 112429) in Nordal (NGB 13680, NGB 4704) (14); cer-u.678 (NGB 111566), -u.1825 (NGB 117373) in Bonus, -u.602b (NGB 111490) in Foma, -u.1870 (NGB 117418) in Sv 79353 (15); gsh8.ag (OUM024, GSHO 1760), gsh8.am (OUM031) in Akashinriki (PI 467400, OUJ659) (5, 6).

cer-u.21 (NGB 110905, GSHO 442) in Bonus; cer-u.69 (NGB 110953) in Bonus is used for wax chemistry and wax structure studies (21, 23); gsh8.ag (OUM024, GSHO 1760) in Akashinriki; gsh8.ag in Bowman (PI 483237)*4 (GSHO 1870); gsh8.ag in Bowman*5 (BW411, NGB 20644).

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U. Lundqvist and P. von Wettstein-Knowles. 1975. Barley Genet. Newsl. 5:131 as BGS 413, Eceriferum-u, cer-u.

J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 1997. Barley Genet. Newsl. 26:364-365.
U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 2010. Barley Genet. Newsl. 40:107-109.
U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 2013. Barley Genet. Newsl. 43:141-143.
U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 2016. Barley Genet. Newsl. 46:105-108.