International Database for Barley Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks
BGS 7, Naked caryopsis 1, nud1
Stock number: BGS 7
Locus name: Naked caryopsis 1
Locus symbol: nud1
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Naked caryopsis = k (16).
Naked caryopsis = s (23).
Naked caryopsis = n (8, 11).
Hulless = h (12).
Naked caryopsis = s (23).
Naked caryopsis = n (8, 11).
Hulless = h (12).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (8, 16, 21).
Located in chromosome 7HL (4, 13, 14, 16, 22); near the centromere (4, 13); about 9.6 cM proximal from the lks2 (short awn 2) locus (17); about 10.5 cM proximal from the dsp1 (dense spike 1) locus (17, 18); in bin 7H-07 about 13.1 cM distal from RFLP marker MWG808 (2); co-segregating with AFLP markers KT3 and KT7 and SCAR marker sKT7 (9); about 0.06 cM distal from SCAR marker sTK3 and the same distance proximal from sTK9 (19); nud1.a is associated with SNP markers 1_1437 and 2_0685 (both at position 126.28 cM) in 7H bin 07 of the Bowman backcross-derived line BW638 (3); nud1.a is associated with SNP markers 2_0975 to 2_0485 (positions 93.97 to 121.90 cM) in 7H bins 06 to 07 of the Bowman backcross-derived line BW220 (3).
Located in chromosome 7HL (4, 13, 14, 16, 22); near the centromere (4, 13); about 9.6 cM proximal from the lks2 (short awn 2) locus (17); about 10.5 cM proximal from the dsp1 (dense spike 1) locus (17, 18); in bin 7H-07 about 13.1 cM distal from RFLP marker MWG808 (2); co-segregating with AFLP markers KT3 and KT7 and SCAR marker sKT7 (9); about 0.06 cM distal from SCAR marker sTK3 and the same distance proximal from sTK9 (19); nud1.a is associated with SNP markers 1_1437 and 2_0685 (both at position 126.28 cM) in 7H bin 07 of the Bowman backcross-derived line BW638 (3); nud1.a is associated with SNP markers 2_0975 to 2_0485 (positions 93.97 to 121.90 cM) in 7H bins 06 to 07 of the Bowman backcross-derived line BW220 (3).
Description:
The lemma and palea do not adhere to the caryopsis and the grain will thresh free of the hull at maturity. The naked caryopsis trait is expressed in all environments (18). The naked lines fail to produce a cementing substance present in covered lines (6). The nud1.a mutant depressed the expression by 10 to 20% of other traits such as plant height, seed weight (1, 10) and altered malt quality parameters (10). The nud1.a gene is often associated with the dsp1.a (dense spike 1) gene in Japanese cultivars (18). The Bowman backcross-derived line for nud1.a, BW638, was more sensitive to environmental stress than Bowman. Plants were 15% shorter when grown at Dundee, Scotland, but almost equal to Bowman at other locations. The kernel weights of BW638 varied from 25% lower to almost equal, and grain yields ranged from 50 to 85% of those recorded for Bowman (5). Allele IV of the marker sKT7 near the nud1 locus was the only one found in naked barley cultivars (20). The geographic distribution of haplotypes with the allele IV suggests migration of naked types was toward eastern Asia (20).
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Origin of mutant:
In an unknown cultivar, but its origin was monophyletic probably in southwestern Iran (20), widespread in cultivated barley in Asia.
Mutational events:
nud1.a (GSHO 115) in Himalaya (CIho 1312) (23); nud1.b (Mut 4129) in Haisa, nud1.c (Mut 3041/62) in Ackermann's Donaria (PI 161974) (15).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
nud1.a (GSHO 115) in Himalaya, nud1.a from Sermo (CIho 7776) in Betzes (PI 129430)*7 (CIho 16559, GP 37), nud1.a from Sermo in Compana (CIho 5438)*7 (CIho 16185, GP 41), nud1.a from Sermo in Decap (CIho 3351)*7 (CIho 16563, GP 45) (7); nud1.a from Stamm (PI 194555) in Betzes*7 (CIho 16566, GP 48), nud1.a from Stamm in Compana*7 (CIho 16183, GP 50), nud1.a from Stamm*7 in Freja (CIho 7130)*7 (CIho 16568, GP 52) (7); nud1.a from a Chinese introduction in Bowman (PI 483237)*8 (GSHO 1847, BW638, NGB 20751); nud1.a with cur2.b (curly 2) from Choshiro-hen (UL006, GSHO 274) in Bowman*5 (GSHO 1991); nud1.a with cur2.b from Choshiro-hen in Bowman *6 (BW220, NGB 22047).
References:
1. Choo, T-M., K.M. Ho, and R.A. Martin. 2001. Genetic analysis of a hulless X covered cross of barley using doubled-haploid lines. Crop Sci. 41:1021-1026.
2. Costa, J.M., A. Corey, M. Hayes, C. Jobet, A. Kleinhofs, A. Kopisch-Obusch, S.F. Kramer, D. Kudrna, M. Li, O. Piera-Lizaragu, K. Sato, P. Szues, T. Toojinda, M.I. Vales, and R.I. Wolfe. 2001. Molecular mapping of the Oregon Wolfe Barleys: a phenotypically polymorphic doubled-haploid population. Theor. Appl. Genet. 103:415-424.
3. Druka, A., J. Franckowiak, U. Lundqvist, N. Bonar, J. Alexander, K. Houston, S. Radovic, F. Shahinnia, V. Vendramin, M. Morgante, N. Stein, and R. Waugh. 2011. Genetic dissection of barley morphology and development. Plant Physiol. 155:617-627.
4. Fedak, G., T. Tsuchiya, and S.B. Helgason. 1972. Use of monotelotrisomics for linkage mapping in barley. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 14:949-957.
5. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).
6. Gaines, R.L., D.B. Bechtel, and Y. Pomeranz. 1985. A microscopic study on the development of a layer in barley that causes hull-caryopsis adherence. Cereal Chem. 62:35–40.
7. Hockett, E.A. 1981. Registration of hulless and hulless short-awned spring barley germplasm (Reg. nos. GP 35 to 52). Crop Sci. 21:146-147.
8. Hor, K.S. 1924. Interrelations of genetic factors in barley. Genetics 9:151-180.
9. Kikuchi, S., S. Taketa, M. Ichii, and S. Kawasaki. 2003. Efficient fine mapping of the naked caryopsis gene (nud) by HEGS (high efficiency genome scanning)/AFLP in barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:73-78.
10. McGuire, C.F., and E.A. Hockett. 1981. Effect of awn length and naked caryopsis on malting quality of Betzes barley. Crop Sci. 21:18-21.
11. Miyake, K., and Y. Imai. 1922. [Genetic studies in barley. 1.] Bot. Mag., Tokyo 36:25-38. [In Japanese.]
12. Neatby, K.W. 1926. Inheritance of quantitative and other characters in a barley cross. Sci. Agric. 7:77-84.
13. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for dense ear loci in barley I. Hereditas 62:25-96.
14. Robertson, D.W. 1937. Inheritance in barley. II. Genetics 22:443-451.
15. Scholz, F. 1955. Mutationsversuche an Kulturpflanzen. IV. Kulturpflanze 3:69-89.
16. So, M., S. Ogura, and Y. Imai. 1919. [A linkage group in barley.] Nogaku Kaiho 208:1093-1117. [In Japanese.]
17. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, T. Konishi, and I. Moriya. 1975. Linkage analysis of barley mutants. Barley Genet. Newsl. 5:56-60.
18. Takahashi, R., J. Yamamoto, S. Yasuda, and Y. Itano. 1953. Inheritance and linkage studies in barley. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Forsch. 10:29-52.
19. Taketa, S., T. Awayama, S. Amano, Y. Sakurai, and M. Ichii. 2006. High-resolution mapping of the nud locus controlling the naked caryopsis in barley. Plant Breed. 125:337-342.
20. Taketa, S., S. Kikuchi, T. Awayama, S. Yamamoto, M. Ichii, and S. Kawasaki. 2004. Monophyletic origin of naked barley inferred from molecular analyses of a marker closely linked to the naked caryopsis gene (nud). Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:1236-1242.
21. Tschermak, E. von. 1901. Über Züchtung neuer Getreiderassen mittelst künstlicher Kreuzung. Kritisch-historische Betrachtungen. Zeitschrift für das landwirtschaftliche Versuchswesen Oesterreich 4:1029-1060.
22. Tsuchiya, T., and R.J. Singh. 1973. Further information on telotrisomic analysis in barley. Barley Genet. Newsl. 3:75-78.
23. Ubisch, G. von. 1921. Beitrag zu einer Faktorenanalyse von Gerste. III. Z. Indukt. Abstammungs. Vererbungsl. 25:198-200.
2. Costa, J.M., A. Corey, M. Hayes, C. Jobet, A. Kleinhofs, A. Kopisch-Obusch, S.F. Kramer, D. Kudrna, M. Li, O. Piera-Lizaragu, K. Sato, P. Szues, T. Toojinda, M.I. Vales, and R.I. Wolfe. 2001. Molecular mapping of the Oregon Wolfe Barleys: a phenotypically polymorphic doubled-haploid population. Theor. Appl. Genet. 103:415-424.
3. Druka, A., J. Franckowiak, U. Lundqvist, N. Bonar, J. Alexander, K. Houston, S. Radovic, F. Shahinnia, V. Vendramin, M. Morgante, N. Stein, and R. Waugh. 2011. Genetic dissection of barley morphology and development. Plant Physiol. 155:617-627.
4. Fedak, G., T. Tsuchiya, and S.B. Helgason. 1972. Use of monotelotrisomics for linkage mapping in barley. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 14:949-957.
5. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).
6. Gaines, R.L., D.B. Bechtel, and Y. Pomeranz. 1985. A microscopic study on the development of a layer in barley that causes hull-caryopsis adherence. Cereal Chem. 62:35–40.
7. Hockett, E.A. 1981. Registration of hulless and hulless short-awned spring barley germplasm (Reg. nos. GP 35 to 52). Crop Sci. 21:146-147.
8. Hor, K.S. 1924. Interrelations of genetic factors in barley. Genetics 9:151-180.
9. Kikuchi, S., S. Taketa, M. Ichii, and S. Kawasaki. 2003. Efficient fine mapping of the naked caryopsis gene (nud) by HEGS (high efficiency genome scanning)/AFLP in barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:73-78.
10. McGuire, C.F., and E.A. Hockett. 1981. Effect of awn length and naked caryopsis on malting quality of Betzes barley. Crop Sci. 21:18-21.
11. Miyake, K., and Y. Imai. 1922. [Genetic studies in barley. 1.] Bot. Mag., Tokyo 36:25-38. [In Japanese.]
12. Neatby, K.W. 1926. Inheritance of quantitative and other characters in a barley cross. Sci. Agric. 7:77-84.
13. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for dense ear loci in barley I. Hereditas 62:25-96.
14. Robertson, D.W. 1937. Inheritance in barley. II. Genetics 22:443-451.
15. Scholz, F. 1955. Mutationsversuche an Kulturpflanzen. IV. Kulturpflanze 3:69-89.
16. So, M., S. Ogura, and Y. Imai. 1919. [A linkage group in barley.] Nogaku Kaiho 208:1093-1117. [In Japanese.]
17. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, T. Konishi, and I. Moriya. 1975. Linkage analysis of barley mutants. Barley Genet. Newsl. 5:56-60.
18. Takahashi, R., J. Yamamoto, S. Yasuda, and Y. Itano. 1953. Inheritance and linkage studies in barley. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Forsch. 10:29-52.
19. Taketa, S., T. Awayama, S. Amano, Y. Sakurai, and M. Ichii. 2006. High-resolution mapping of the nud locus controlling the naked caryopsis in barley. Plant Breed. 125:337-342.
20. Taketa, S., S. Kikuchi, T. Awayama, S. Yamamoto, M. Ichii, and S. Kawasaki. 2004. Monophyletic origin of naked barley inferred from molecular analyses of a marker closely linked to the naked caryopsis gene (nud). Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:1236-1242.
21. Tschermak, E. von. 1901. Über Züchtung neuer Getreiderassen mittelst künstlicher Kreuzung. Kritisch-historische Betrachtungen. Zeitschrift für das landwirtschaftliche Versuchswesen Oesterreich 4:1029-1060.
22. Tsuchiya, T., and R.J. Singh. 1973. Further information on telotrisomic analysis in barley. Barley Genet. Newsl. 3:75-78.
23. Ubisch, G. von. 1921. Beitrag zu einer Faktorenanalyse von Gerste. III. Z. Indukt. Abstammungs. Vererbungsl. 25:198-200.
Prepared:
T. Tsuchiya and T.E. Haus. 1971. Barley Genet. Newsl. 1:110.
Revised:
J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. Barley Genet. Newsl. 26:51-52.
J.D. Franckowiak. 2007. Barley Genet. Newsl. 37:195-196.
J.D. Franckowiak. 2014. Barley Genet. Newsl. 44:51-53.
J.D. Franckowiak. 2007. Barley Genet. Newsl. 37:195-196.
J.D. Franckowiak. 2014. Barley Genet. Newsl. 44:51-53.
