BGS 566, Erectoides-t, ert-t

Erectoides-55 = ert-55 (10).
Brachytic 4 = br4 (15).
Brachytic-g = brh.g (2, 5).
Brachytic-h = brh.h (2, 5).
Brachytic-i = brh.i (2, 5).
Brachytic-y = brh.y (2, 5).
Brachytic 3 = brh3 (2, 6).
Breviaristatum-245 = ari.245 (3, 11).
Breviaristatum-o.304 = ari-o.304 (3, 13).
Hordeum vulgare brassinosteroid-6-oxidase = HvBRD (3).

Monofactorial recessive (4, 10, 14).
Located in chromosome 2HS (2, 3, 4); approximately 11.4 cM distal from SSR marker Bmac0134 (2), near the boundary between 2H bins 01 and 02 (2); ert-t.55 is associated SNP markers 1_0326 to 2_0563 (positions 16.91 to 21.19) in 2H bin 02 of the Bowman backcross-derived line BW324 (4); brh3.g is associated SNP markers 2_0609 to 1_1059 (positions unmapped to 17.96) in 2H bin 02 of the Bowman backcross-derived line BW091 (4); brh3.y is associated with SNP markers 1_0326 to 1_0180 (positions 16.91 to 40.06) in 2H bins 02 to 04 of the Bowman backcross-derived line BW094 (4); the brh3 mutants are in the HvBRD locus, which encodes for a brassinosteroid-6-oxidase, and is located in the telomeric region of 2HS (3); ari-u.245 is associated with SNP markers 2_0609 to 2_1377 (positions about 13.0 to 20.11 cM) in 2H bin 02 of the Bowman backcrossed-derived line BW031 (4); except for ert-t.55, mutants at the ert-t locus were reported to be structural changes in the HvBRD locus (3); in 2H bin 02.

Spikes are semi-compact, rachis internode length is about 2.7 mm in the original mutant, and culm length is about 2/3 of normal. These phenotypic traits plus short awns are inherited together (14). Based on general appearance of the plants, ert-t.55 mutant can be placed in the brachytic class of semidwarf mutants (5, 15). Awns are about 2/3 normal length and curled or coiled near their tips. The ert-t.55 mutant has short seedling leaf blades and is sensitive to gibberellic acid treatment (1). When the Bowman backcross-derived lines for brh3.g (BW091), brh3.i (BW093), brh3.y (BW094), and ert-t.55 (BW324) were compared to Bowman, peduncles and plants were about 2/3 of normal length, rachis internodes were slightly shorter, and lodging was reduced. Kernels are shorter and slightly lighter and grain yields were about 1/2 normal (2, 7). Mutants at the ert-t or HvBRD locus exhibited the brassinosteroid-deficient phenotype: shorter rachis internode length, short awns, acute leaf angles, slightly undulating basal leaf blade margins, and a slightly elongated basal rachis internode (3).

An X-ray induced mutant in Bonus (NGB 14657, PI 189763) (13).

ert-t.55 (NGB 112654, GSHO 494) in Bonus (NGB 14657, PI 189763) (10); brh3.g (17:10:1, GSHO 1672), brh3.h (17:11:3, GSHO 1673), brh3.i (17:12:1, GSHO 1674) in Birgitta (NGB 14667, NGB 1494, NSGC 1870) (2, 5, 6, 12); brh3.y (10001, GSHO 1688) in Bido (PI 399485) (2, 5, 9); ari-u.245 (NGB 116054) in Foma (NGB 14659, CIho 11333) (3, 11, 13); ari-u.304 (previously named ari-o.304) (NGB 116129) in Kristina (NGB 14661, NGB 1500) (3. 13).

ert-t.55 (NGB 112654, GSHO 494) in Bonus; ert-t.55 in Bowman (PI 483237)*5 (GSHO 2257); ert-t.55 in Bowman*7 (BW324, NGB 22119); brh3.g in Bowman*7 (GSHO 2167, BW 091, NGB 20497); brh3.h in Bowman*2 (GSHO 2168, BW092, NGB 20498); brh3.i in Bowman*6 (GSHO 2169); brh3.i in Bowman *7 (BW093, NGB 20499); brh3.y from Bido in Bowman*5 (GSHO 2178); brh3.y from Bido in Bowman*6 (BW094, NGB 20500); ari-u.245 from Foma via ND14701 in Bowman (PI 483237)*5 (BW031, NGB 20439).

1. Börner, A. 1996. GA response in semidwarf barley. Barley Genet. Newsl. 25:24-26.

2. Dahleen, L.S., L.J. Vander Wal, and J.D. Franckowiak. 2005. Characterization and molecular mapping of genes determining semidwarfism in barley. J. Hered. 96:654-662.

3. Dockter, C., D. Gruszka, I, Braumann, A. Druka, I. Druka, J. Franckowiak, S.P. Gough, A. Janeczko, M. Kurowska, J. Lundqvist, U. Lundqvist, M. Marzec, I. Matyszczak, A.H. Müller, J. Oklestkova, B. Schulz, S, Zakhrabekova, and M. Hansson. 2014. Induced variations in brassinosteroid genes define barley height and sturdiness, and expand the green revolution genetic toolkit. Plant Physiol. 166:1912-1927.

4. Druka, A., J. Franckowiak, U. Lundqvist, N. Bonar, J. Alexander, K. Houston, S. Radovic, F. Shahinnia, V. Vendramin, M. Morgante, N. Stein, and R. Waugh. 2010. Genetic dissection of barley morphology and development. Plant Physiol. 155:617-627.

5. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. The brachytic class of semidwarf mutants in barley. Barley Genet. Newsl. 24:56-59.

6. Franckowiak. J.D. 2002. BGS 631, Brachytic 3, brh3. Barley Genet. Newsl. 32:132.

7. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

8. Franckowiak, J.D., and A. Pecio. 1992. Coordinator’s report: Semidwarf genes. A listing of genetic stocks. Barley Genet. Newsl. 21:116-127.

9. Gaul, H. 1986. (Personal communications).

10. Hagberg, A., Å. Gustafsson, and L. Ehrenberg. 1958. Sparsely contra densely ionizing radiations and the origin of erectoid mutants in barley. Hereditas 44:523-530.

11. Kucera, J., U. Lundqvist, and Å. Gustafsson. 1975. Inheritance of breviaristatum mutants in barley. Hereditas 80:263-278.

12. Lehmann, L.C. 1985. (Personal communications).

13. Lundqvist, U. (Unpublished).

14. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1969. Induced variation in a quantitative character in barley. Morphology and cytogenetics of erectoides mutants. Hereditas 61:115-178.

15. Tsuchiya, T. 1976. Allelism testing of genes between brachytic and erectoides mutants. Barley Genet. Newsl. 6:79-81.

U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. Barley Genet. Newsl. 26:492.
J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGS 631, Brachytic 3, brh3. Barley Genet. Newsl. 32:132.

J.D. Franckowiak and L.S. Dahleen. 2007. Barley Genet. Newsl. 37:281-282.
J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 2010. Barley Genet. Newsl. 40:134-135.
J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 2015. Barley Genet. Newsl. 45:203-204.