BGS 377, Shrunken endosperm genetic 1, seg1

Shrunken endosperm = se1 (6).

Monofactorial recessive (5).
Located in chromosome 5H (1); seg1.a is linked to the msg23 (male sterile genetic 23) locus (7). seg1.a is associated with SNP markers 1_0116 to 2_1275 (positions 75.85 to 104.73 cM) in 5H bins 04 to 06 in Bowman backcross-derived line BW834 (1). The seg1.a mutant was previously placed in chromosome 7HL (5), based on an incorrect position for the msg23.b mutant.

Kernels are long and thin and the 100-kernel weight is about 33% of normal. Good stands can be established in the field if optimum environmental conditions prevail during germination and emergence (5, 7). This mutant is associated with an increase in percentage lysine in the protein (7). Tannins are not deposited in seg1 chalazal cell central vacuoles, but rather appeared to cause cytoplasmic disorganization and cell death (2). Light microscopy revealed that seg1 mutants exhibited premature termination of grain filling because of the necrosis and crushing of the chalazal and nucellar projection of the pericarp early during grain filling (2, 3). Compared to Bowman, plants of the Bowman backcross-derived line for seg1.a, BW834, appeared normal. However, kernels were thinner and had lower average weights, 3.7 vs. 5.7 mg. Test weight of BW834 grain was lower and yields were 1/2 to 2/3 those of Bowman (4).

A spontaneous mutant in Betzes (PI 129430) (5).

seg1.a (GSHO 750) in Betzes (PI 129430) (5).

seg1.a (GSHO 750) in Betzes; seg1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1852, BW834, NGB 22474).

1. Druka, A., J. Franckowiak, U. Lundqvist, N. Bonar, J. Alexander, K. Houston, S. Radovic, F. Shahinnia, V. Vendramin, M. Morgante, N. Stein, and R. Waugh. 2011. Genetic dissection of barley morphology and development. Plant Physiol. 155:617-627.

2. Felker, F.C., D.M. Peterson, and O.E. Nelson. 1984. Development of tannin vacuoles in chalazal and seed coat of barley in relation to early chalazal necrosis in the seg1 mutant. Planta 161:540-549.

3. Felker, F.C., D.M. Peterson, and O.E. Nelson. 1985. Anatomy of immature grains of eight material effect shrunken endosperm barley mutants. Amer. J. Bot. 72:248-256.

4. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

5. Jarvi, A.J. 1970. Shrunken endosperm mutants in barley, Hordeum vulgare. Ph.D. Thesis. Montana State Univ., Bozeman.

6. Jarvi, A.J., and R.F. Eslick. 1971. BGS 377, Normal vs. shrunken endosperm, se1. Barley Genet. Newsl. 1:190.

7. Jarvi, A.J., and R.F. Eslick. 1975. Shrunken endosperm mutants in barley. Crop Sci. 15:363-366.

A.J. Jarvi and R.F. Eslick. 1971. Barley Genet. Newsl.1:190.

R.F. Eslick. 1976. Barley Genet. Newsl. 6:135.
T. Tsuchiya. 1980. Barley Genet. Newsl. 10:124.
J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. Barley Genet. Newsl. 26:325.
J.D. Franckowiak. 2007. Barley Genet. Newsl. 37:264.
J.D. Franckowiak. 2015. Barley Genet. Newsl. 45:158-159.