BGS 599, Proanthocyanidin-free 17, ant17

None.

Monofactorial recessive (6, 7).
Located in chromosome 3HS (1); ant17.148 is associated with SNP markers 2_0607 to 1_0601 (positions 52.41 to 71.29 cM) in 3H bins 04 to 05 in Bowman backcross-derived line BW016 (2); the ant17.148 mutant has been shown to be an allele at the seg3 (shrunken endosperm genetic 3, see BGS 379) locus (3). The seed stock for the Bowman backcross derived line for ant17.567, BW017, is incorrect because the same SNP markers were retained in both BW016 and BW017 (2, 3). The correct seed lot for BW017 has been increased as NGB 20425.

Under normal growing conditions no anthocyanin pigmentation is observed in the ant17 mutant plants. The testa layers of the grain of the ant17 mutants lack proanthocyanidins and catechins, but accumulate homoeriodictyol and chrysoeriol (9, 12). A full length cDNA clone from barley, coding for a protein consisting of 377 amino acids (42 kDa), has been isolated. It shows a homology of 71% to the flavanone-3-hydroxylase enzyme protein from Antirrhinum majus (14). It is likely that the ant17 gene codes for one subunit and the ant22 gene for the other subunit of the dimeric flavanone 3-hydroxylase enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of flavanones into dihydroflavanols (9, 14). The mutant line ant17.148 was released as cultivar Galant (13). Alleles at the seg3 locus in the Bowman backcross-derived lines BW016 (ant17.148) and BW836 (seg3.c) showed variable reductions in kernel weight: Kernels of BW016 and BW836 were 1/3 to 1/2 normal weight while those of BW017, the backcross-derived line for ant17.567, were about 3/4 normal (3). Grain yields of BW017 were about 3/4 those of Bowman (3). Grain weight was reduced by 20% in some ant17 mutants, but grain dormancy was unaltered (4). The low anthocyanin content of ant17 mutants was quantitified using the ant17.469 mutant (4). Sequencing of three independent ant17 alleles detected point mutations within the coding regions of flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H), which are predicted to cause a premature stop codon at different sites (4).

A sodium azide induced mutant in Nordal (NGB 13680, NGB 4704) (5, 6).

ant17.103, 17.104, 17.105, 17.139 (NGB 13697), 17.140, 17.142, 17.143, 17.145 in Nordal (NGB 13680, NGB 4704) (5, 6); ant17.107 in Alf (NGB13682) (5, 6); ant17.147, 17.148 (Galant) (NGB 24787, NGB 13698, GSHO 1628), 17.150, 17.151, 17.153, 17.154, 17.180, 17.185 in Triumph (NGB 13678, PI 268180) (6); ant17.352 in Triumph (7); ant17.160 in Gula Abed (NGB 13681) (6); ant17.165, 17.167, 17.169, 17.171, 17.174, 17.182 in Ark Royal (PI 447006) (6); ant17.192, 17.193 in Georgie (NGB 13683, PI 447012) (6); ant17.199 in Secobra 4681 (6); ant17.200 in Secobra 4681 (7); ant17.208 in Hege 876 (6); ant17.210, 17.211, 17.217 in Hege 802 (6); ant 17.216 in Hege 802 (6); ant17.220, 17.221, 17.224, in Secobra 4743 (NGB 13679) (6); ant17.227 in Ca 59995 (7); ant17.231 in Tron (6); ant17.237, 17.239, 17.241, 17.242, 17.247, 17.249 in Gunhild (NGB 13690, PI 464655) (6); ant17.243, 17.246 in Gunhild (7); ant17.250, 17.251, 17.252, 17.253, 17.255 in Tokak (PI 264251) (6); ant17.267, 17.268, 17.269 in Secobra 18193 (NGB 13684) (6); ant17.270 in Secobra 18193 (7); ant17.280 in Hege 550/75 NGB 13692) (11); ant17.288, 17.289, 17.290 in Hege 550/75 (6); ant17.293, 17.294, 17.295, 17.296 in Bonus (NGB 14657, PI 189763) (6); ant17.297, 17.298, 17.300, 17.301, 17.307 in Ca 41507 (7); ant17.306, 17.340 in Ca 41507 (7); ant17.316 in Ca 33787 (NGB 13693) (7); ant17.318, 17.321, 17.326 in Harry (PI 491575) (7); ant17.331 in Hege A2/A4 (7); ant17.335, 17.336, 17.338 in Ackermann 724/5/7 (7); ant17.359 in Hege15/74-1A (7); ant17.370 in Ackermann 72/440 (7); ant17.372, 17.413, 17.414, 17.417, 17.418, 17.419, 17.444 in Kaya (7); ant17.375 in Fanette (8); ant17.379, 17.382, 17.383, 17.386, 17.387, 17.388, 17.389, 17.390, 17.391, 17.464, 17.465 in Irene (7); ant17.405 in Odin (8); ant17.408 in KMJ 326 (7); ant17.410, 17.447 in Catrin (7); ant17.421 in VBS 18707 (7); ant17.422, 17.423, 17.424, 17.426 in NZ 3789 (7); ant17.432 in NZ 1836-3 (7); ant17.438, 17.439 in NZ 732.01 (7); ant17.440 in Nordal (NGB13680, NGB 4704) (7); ant17.450 in Ca 601427 (7); ant17.453, 17.455, 17.457, 17.458 in Ackermann 1734/5 (7); ant17.462 in Pamela (7); ant17.469 (NGB 23018), 17.470 (NGB 23019) in Grit (NGB 13685, PI 548764 (7); ant17.475 in Zenit (NGB 13686, PI 564447) (7); ant17.476 in Zenit (8); ant17.480 in Secobra 9709 (7); ant17.501 in Advance (CIho 15804) (6); ant17.504 in Karla (CIho 15860) (6); ant17.506, 17.507, 17.508, 17.509 in OR 9114 (6); ant17.515, 17.516, 17.518 in WA9037-75 (6); ant17.520 in WA9044-75 (6); ant17.530 in Morex (CIho15773) (6); ant17.537, 17.595, 17.619, 17.620 in Advance (7); ant17.560, 17.561, 17.563, 17.565, 17.567 (NGB 23018, GSHO 1629) in Manker (CIho 15549) (7); ant17.597 in Morex (8); ant17.598 in Morex (7); ant17.600 in S 80351 (7); ant17.601 in Moravian 111 (CIho 15812) (7); ant17.604 in Harrington (8); ant17.612 in Andre‚ (PI 469107) (7); ant17.624 in Klages (CIho 15478) (7); ant17.625 in Robust (M36, PI 476976) (7); ant17.630 in Azure (CIho 15865) (15); ant17.636, ant17.658 Cougbar (PI496400) (15); an17.637 in 8892-78 (15); ant17.661 in Crest (PI 561409) (15); ant17.1502,17.1505,17.1519 in Amagi-Nijo (6); ant17.1510,17.1511 in Haruns-Nijo (6); ant17.1515 in Nirakei 61 (6); ant17.1537 in Nirakei 62 (7); ant17.1544 in Nirakei 63 (7); ant17.1534 in Nirasaki-Nijo 14 (7); ant17.2022, 17.2067 in Natasha (PI 592171) (8); ant17.2084 in Hege 694/82 (11); ant17.2106 in Ca 708912 (10); ant17.5019 in Sonja (NGB 6324, PI 302047) (11); ant17.5024 in Ackermann 72/27/4 (8); ant17.5028 in Trigger (PI 473541) (11); ant17.5034 in Kaskade (11); ant17.5035, 17.5036, 17.5037 in Video (8); ant17.5038, 17.5039, 17.5040, 17.5042 in Sonja (8); ant17.5044 in Ackermann 27/220/8 (8).

ant17.139 (NGB 13697) in Nordal; ant17.148 (Galant, NGB 24787, NGB13698, GSHO 1628) in Triumph; ant17.148 in Bowman (PI 483237)*4 (GSHO 1973, BW016, NGB 20424); ant17.567 (GSHO 1629) in Manker; ant17.567 in Bowman*5 (GSHO 1974); ant17.567 in Bowman*7 (BW017, NGB 20425); seg3.c from Compana in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1957, BW836, NGB 22273).

1. Boyd, P.W., and D. E. Falk. 1990. (Personal communications).

2. Druka, A., J. Franckowiak, U. Lundqvist, N. Bonar, J. Alexander, K. Houston, S. Radovic, F. Shahinnia, V. Vendramin, M. Morgante, N. Stein, and R. Waugh. 2011. Genetic dissection of barley morphology and development. Plant Physiol. 155:617-627.

3. Franckowiak, J.D. (Personal communications).

4. Himi, E., and S. Taketa. 2015. Barley Ant17, encoding flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), is a promising target locus for attaining anthocyanin/proanthocyanidin-free plants without pleiotropic reduction of grain dormancy. Genome 58: 43-53.

5. Jende-Strid, B. 1978. Mutation frequencies obtained after sodium azide treatments in different barley varieties. Barley Genet. Newsl. 8:55-57.

6. Jende-Strid, B. 1984. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. Barley Genet. Newsl. 14:76-79.

7. Jende-Strid, B. 1988. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. Stock list of ant mutants kept at the Carlsberg Laboratory. Barley Genet. Newsl. 18:74-79.

8. Jende-Strid, B. 1991. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. Barley Genet. Newsl. 20:87-88.

9. Jende-Strid, B. 1993. Genetic control of flavonoid biosynthesis in barley. Hereditas 119:187-204.

10, Jende-Strid, B. 1993. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. Barley Genet. Newsl. 22:136-137.

11. Jende-Strid, B. 1995. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes Barley Genet. Newsl. 24:162-165.

12. Jende-Strid, B., and K.N. Kristiansen. 1987. Genetics of flavonoid biosynthesis in barley. p. 445-453. In: S. Yasuda and T. Konishi (eds.) Barley Genetics V. Proc. Fifth Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Okayama 1986. Sanyo Press Co., Okayama.

13. Larsen, J., S. Ullrich, J. Ingversen, A. E. Nielsen, J.S. Gochan, and J. Clanay. 1987. Breeding and malting behaviour of two different proanthocyanidin-free barley gene sources. p. 767-772. In S. Yasuda and T. Konishi (eds.) Barley Genetics V. Proc. Fifth Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Okayama. 1986. Sanyo Press Co., Okayama.

14. Meldgaard, M. 1992. Expression of chalcone synthase, dihydroflavonol reductase, and flavanone 3-hydroxylase in mutants in barley deficient in anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 83:695-706.

15. Ullrich, S., and J. Cochran. 1998. (Personal communications).

B. Jende-Strid. 1999. Barley Genet. Newsl. 29:88-89.

B. Jende-Strid and U. Lundqvist. 2007. Barley Genet. Newsl. 37:286-288.
U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 2015. Barley Genet. Newsl. 45:218-220.
U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 2016. Barley Genet. Newsl. 46:128-130.