BGS 600, Proanthocyanidin-free18, ant18

None.

Monofactorial recessive (5, 6).
Located in chromosome 3H (2); ant18.102 is associated with SNP markers 2_0666 to 2_0063 (positions 67.01 to 133.92 cM) in 3H bins 05 to 08 in Bowman backcross-derived line BW018 (2). An ant18 mutant was previously associated with chromosome 7HL (1).

No anthocyanin pigmentation is observed in the ant18 mutant plants. The ripe grains of the ant18 mutants have a shrunken appearance (6). The ripe grains of the ant18 mutants lack proanthocyanidins and catechins but accumulate small amounts of dihydroquercetin (10, 11). The ant18 gene has been isolated and sequenced. It codes for a protein with a deduced amino acid sequence of 354 residues and a molecular weight of 38.4 kDa (10). The ant18 gene is the structural gene coding for the dihydroflavonol reductase enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of dihydroflavonols into leucoanthocyanidins (10, 12, 15). The nucleotide sequences of the ant18 genes from four ant18 mutants have been analyzed in detail and the nature of the sodium azide induced mutations in the four mutants has been revealed (13). Plants of the Bowman backcross-derived line for ant18.102, BW018, were similar to Bowman, but kernels were thinner and lighter, 4.6 vs.5.7 mg. Grain yields of BW018 were 1/2 to 3/4 those of Bowman (3).

A sodium azide induced mutant in Nordal (NGB 13680, NGB 4704) (4).

ant18.102 (GSHO 1630), 18.141, 18.144 in Nordal (NGB 13680, NGB 4704) (5); ant18.106, 18.111 in Alf (NGB 13682) (5); ant18.146, 18.186 in Triumph (NGB 13678, PI 268180) (5); ant18.159 (NGB 13699),18.161 (NGB 13700), 18.162 (NGB 13701), 18.164 (NGB 13702), 18.183 in Gula Abed (NGB 13681) (5); ant18.166, 18.170, 18.175, 18.176, 18.177, 18.178, 18.179 in Ark Royal (PI 447006) (5); ant18.168 in Triumph (6); ant18.195, 18.196, 18.197 in Georgie (NGB 13683, PI 447012) (5); ant18.198, 18.204 in Secobra 4681 (5); ant18.206 in Hege 876 (5); ant18.209 in Hege 802 (5); ant18.215, 18.226 in Hege 802 (6); ant18.234, 18.235 in Tron (5); ant18.236, 18.240, 18.244, 18.248 in Gunhild (NGB 13690, PI 464655) (5); ant18.254 in Tokak (PI 264251) (6); ant18.256, 18.257, 18.258, 18.259, 18.260, 18.261, 18.262, 18.263 in Tokak (5); ant18.275, 18.276, 18.279 in VP116 (NGB 13691) (5); ant18.281, 18.286, 18.291 in Hege 550/75 (NGB 13692) (5); ant18.292 in Bonus (NGB 14657, PI 189763) (5); ant18.299, 18.302, 18.303, 18.304, 18.309, 18.339, 18.341 in Ca 41507 (5); ant18.319, 18.323, 18.324, 18.325 in Harry (PI 491575) (6); ant18.332 in Ca 603801 (6); ant18.337 in Ackermann 724/5/7 (6); ant18.342 in Secobra 18193 (NGB 13684) (5); ant18.344 in NZ 716.01 (6); ant18.356, 18.357 in Hege 841/80 (6); ant18.365, 18.366 in Ca 36167 (6); ant18.367 in Gimpel (PI 564720) (6); ant18.374, 18.376, 18.377 in Fanette (6); ant18.378 in Ca 33787 (NGB 13693) (6); ant18.380, 18.392, 18.463 in Irene (6); ant18.402 in Odin (6); ant18.415 in Kaya (6); ant18.425 in NZ 3789 (5); ant18.427 in NZ 3789 (7); ant18.428, 18.429, 18.431, 18.433, 18.435, 18.436 in NZ 1836-3 (6); ant18.442 in Ca 710516 (6); ant18.448 in Catrin (6); ant18.451 in Ca 601427 (6); ant18.454, 18.456, 18.459 in Ackermann 1734/5 (6); ant18.460 in Pamela (6); ant18.467 (NGB 23020), 18.468 (NGB 23021), 18.471 (NGB 23022) in Grit (NGB 13685, PI 548764) (6); ant18.473, 18.474 in Almudena (7); ant18.478 in Zenit (PI 574447, NGB 13686) (6); ant18.481 in Secobra 9709 (6); ant18.505 in WA 8953-75 (5); ant18.512 in 72AB3484 (5); ant18.519 in WA9044-75 (5); ant18.532, 18.533, 18.591, 18.592, 18.617, 18.618, 18.621 in Advance (CIho 15804) (6); ant18.610, 18.611, 18.613 in Andre‚ (PI 469107) (6); ant18.623 in Klages (CIho 15478) (6); ant18.638 in 8892-78 (14); ant18.659, 18.660 in Cougbar (PI 496400) (14); ant18.1503, 18.1506, 18.1517, 18.1518 in Amagi-Nijo (5); ant18.1509 in Haruna-Nijo (5); 18.1531, 18.1532 in Nirasaki-Nijo 14 (6); ant18.1536 in Nirakei 62 (6); ant18.1539 in Nirakei 63 (6); ant18.5001, 18.5002, 18.5003, 18.5004, 18.5005, 18.5008, 18.5009, 18.5010 in Igri (PI 428488) (8); ant18.5018, 18.5022, 18.5023, 18.5030, 18.5041 in Sonja (PI 392047) (9); ant18.5027 in Video (9); ant18.5043 in Ackermann 27/4/98 (9); ant18.5046, 18.5048 in Lucia (9); ant18.5049 in Marinka (9).

ant18.102 (GSHO 1630) in Nordal; ant18.161 (NGB 13700) in Gula Abed; ant18.162 (NGB 13701) in Gula Abed; ant18.102 in Bowman (PI 483237)*3 (GSHO 1856); ant18.102 in Bowman*7 (BW018, NGB 20426).

1. Boyd, P.W., and D.E. Falk. 1990. (Personal communications).

2. Druka, A., J. Franckowiak, U. Lundqvist, N. Bonar, J. Alexander, K. Houston, S. Radovic, F. Shahinnia, V. Vendramin, M. Morgante, N. Stein, and R. Waugh. 2011. Genetic dissection of barley morphology and development. Plant Physiol. 155:617-627.

3. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

4. Jende-Strid, B. 1978. Mutation frequencies obtained after sodium azide treatments in different barley varieties. Barley Genet. Newsl. 8:55-57.

5. Jende-Strid, B. 1984. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. Barley Genet. Newsl. 14:76-79.

6. Jende-Strid, B. 1988. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. Stock list of ant mutants kept at the Carlsberg Laboratory. Barley Genet. Newsl. 18:74-79.

7. Jende-Strid, B. 1991. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. Barley Genet. Newsl. 20:87-88.

8. Jende-Strid, B. 1993. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. Barley Genet. Newsl. 22:136-137.

9. Jende-Strid, B. 1995. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. Barley Genet. Newsl. 24:162-165.

10. Jende-Strid, B., and K.N. Kristiansen. 1987. Genetics of flavonoid biosynthesis in barley. p. 445-453. In: S. Yasuda and T. Konishi (eds.) Barley Genetics V. Proc. Fifth Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Okayama 1986. Sanyo Press Co., Okayama.

11. Kristiansen, K.N. 1984. Biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in barley: Genetic control of the conversion of dihydroquercetin to catechins and procyanidins. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 49:503-524.

12. Kristiansen, K.N., and W. Rohde. 1991. Structure of the Hordeum vulgare gene encoding dihydroflavonol-4-reductase and molecular analysis of ant18 mutants blocked in flavonoid synthesis. Mol. Gen. Genet. 230:49-59.

13. Olsen, O., Z. Wang, and D. von Wettstein. 1993. Sodium azide metagenesis: Preferential generation of ATGC transitions in the barley Ant18 gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8043-8047.

14. Ullrich, S., and J. Cochran. 1998. (Personal communications).

15. Wang, Z., O. Olsen, and S. Knudsen. 1993. Expression of the dihydroflavonol reductase gene in an anthocyanin-free barley mutant. Hereditas 119:67-75.

B. Jende-Strid. 1999. Barley Genet. Newsl. 29:90-91.
U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 2015. Barley Genet. Newsl. 45:221-223.

U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 2015. Barley Genet. Newsl. 45:221-223.